Abstract: Rajasthan, one of India’s most arid states, has been globally recognized for widespread groundwater fluoride contamination leading to severe health outcomes, particularly dental and skeletal fluorosis. The present study investigates the spatial distribution of fluoride concentration in groundwater across selected districts—Nagaur, Jodhpur, Ajmer, and Jaipur—and assesses the prevalence of dental fluorosis among local populations. The research employs a medical-geographical framework integrating field surveys, GIS-based spatial mapping, water sampling, clinical assessment, and secondary datasets from PHED, CGWB, and health reports. Results reveal that over 60% of sampled locations exceed the WHO permissible limit of 1.5 mg/L. The highest concentrations are recorded in Nagaur–Deedwana belt, followed by western Jodhpur, where dental fluorosis prevalence among children (10–18 years) ranges between 40–72%. Socio-economic factors, inadequate water purification, and dependence on deep aquifers intensify disease risk. The study concludes that targeted interventions such as Nalgonda technique units, rooftop rainwater harvesting, awareness programs, and fluoride-safe groundwater identification are crucial.

Abstract: Ethno-zoology is an important branch of ethnobiology that explores the cultural, medicinal, and symbolic relationships between humans and animals. The Shekhawati region of Rajasthan—covering the districts of Jhunjhunu, Sikar, and Churu—possesses a rich heritage of traditional ecological knowledge. This study documents the ethno-zoological knowledge of rural communities, pastoral groups, traditional healers (Bhopas, Naths, Jogis), and pansari families who use animal-derived substances for therapeutic and cultural purposes. Using ethnographic surveys, semi-structured interviews, and participant observation, data were collected from 26 villages. The study identified 42 animal species whose parts or by-products—such as fat, milk, skin, bone, feathers, honey, and secretions—are used to treat 34 human ailments, ranging from bone fractures to respiratory infections. The research highlights how traditional animal-based remedies continue to play a role in rural healthcare, despite modernization. It also emphasizes the urgent need to conserve both biological resources and indigenous knowledge systems. Recommendations include documentation, awareness programs, sustainable harvesting, and integration with modern veterinary and public health frameworks.

Abstract: Agriculture in northern Rajasthan is intensive and heavily dependent on chemical pesticides, particularly in districts such as Sri Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, and Churu. This study analyzes the relationship between pesticide exposure and health outcomes among rural farming households. Using classical epidemiological methods—including field surveys (n = 320 households), structured interviews, and symptom-based health assessments—this study identifies a significant correlation between prolonged pesticide exposure and increased prevalence of respiratory problems, dermatological conditions, headaches, gastrointestinal disturbances, and reproductive health issues. Results demonstrate that lack of personal protective equipment, improper pesticide handling, and poor awareness substantially elevate health risks. The paper concludes with recommendations for sustainable agricultural practices, personal protective equipment adoption, medical surveillance, and policy intervention.

Abstract: Pansari practices, involving the use of Jadi Buti (medicinal plants), are deeply embedded in the socio-cultural fabric of rural Rajasthan. This study examines the socio-economic and cultural dimensions of Pansari practices, focusing on plant usage, preparation methods, community perceptions, and economic contributions. Field surveys, interviews with 60 Pansaris, and observations of local herbal markets were conducted in select districts. Results show that Pansaris continue to play a pivotal role in healthcare, especially in regions with limited access to modern medical facilities. The study highlights challenges such as declining interest among youth, reduced availability of medicinal plants, and competition from modern healthcare. Recommendations include knowledge documentation, educational programs, and policy support for sustainable practice and conservation.

Abstract: Traditional healing systems in Rajasthan are deeply rooted in indigenous knowledge, cultural heritage, and generations of ecological interaction with desert vegetation. The Churu district, located in the arid zone of the Thar Desert, represents a unique interaction between traditional herbal medicine and scarce but highly adapted medicinal flora. This study explores the ethnomedical knowledge of rural communities and traditional healers regarding the use, distribution, and cultural significance of medicinal plant species in Churu. Through field documentation, ethnobotanical interviews, and phytogeographical analysis, the study recorded 57 medicinal plant species belonging to 39 families. These species are utilized for treating gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory diseases, dermatological ailments, musculoskeletal inflammation, reproductive health issues, and lifestyle-related chronic conditions. The findings reveal that traditional healing remains a primary healthcare option for 38% of the rural households surveyed, especially among pastoral communities and older age groups. However, climate change, habitat degradation, overharvesting, declining wild populations, and reduced intergenerational knowledge transfer threaten these practices. The study demonstrates the urgent need for integrating ethnomedicine, conservation biology, and applied phytogeography to sustain medicinal plant resources and cultural healing systems in Churu.

Abstract: Churu district, located in the arid zone of Rajasthan, demonstrates a rich tradition of medicinal plant use and domestication in household gardens, farms, and community spaces. This research investigates the applied use of domesticated medicinal plants in modern times, exploring how traditional remedies are integrated into contemporary healthcare. Data were collected through structured interviews with 125 households, 20 local pansaris, and 15 herbal vendors. The study documented over 50 domesticated plant species, including Tulsi, Aloe vera, Ashwagandha, Guduchi, Neem, Harad, and Amla, used for preventive and curative purposes. Findings indicate that traditional practices continue to be relevant, adapted to modern lifestyles while preserving cultural identity and supporting biodiversity conservation.