Abstract: In order to evaluate the response of wheat cultivars to drought stress, ten cultured wheat cultivars, in a mature embryo stage were studies based on morphological traits. The study was performed in a randomized complete block design with eight replications in the mature embryo stage. The osmotic stress by polyethylene glycol (6000PEG) Treatments, 0, -2.5, -5, -7.5, -10 were applied in liquid medium on in vitro matured embryos. The results showed that the tolerance of genotypes to applied levels of drought stress was different. The effect of drought stress on assessed traits was significant. Genotypes responded differently at different levels of applied drought stress in terms of these characteristics including number of rootlets, rootlet length, shootlet length, callus volume, regeneration percentage, callus dry weight, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, callus induction percentage, and callus fresh weight and it refers to the fundamental differences between the genotypes studied. The results can be used as indicators for the selection of drought tolerant genotypes. 68DH and Pavan were identified as tolerant cultivars among these genotypes. 

Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics exhibited by three different grades of concrete using mix design approach. From the result of the sieve analysis, it shows that the sands used for the experiment is a well graded sand of zone 1 of BS882 parts 2 (1973).  The average specific gravity of 2.63 was obtained, this result falls within the lower limits for natural aggregate which have specific gravities between 2.6 and 2.7 Neville (2000). The average bulk densities of uncompacted and compacted sand were found to be 1422 kg/m³ and 1538kg/m³ respectively. The crushed stones used have specific gravity of 2.63, and a compacted and un compacted bulk densities of 1415kg/m³ and 1326kg/m³ respectively, which clarified it as normal weight aggregates. The values of density recorded in this work ranged between 2441kg/m³ and 2558kg/m³. The values of compressive strength ranged between 28.66N/m² to 39.55N/m² up to 28 days of curing, the strength was also observed to increase with hydration period which inform non-deterioration of concrete. The results for the values of flexural strength range between 3.5N/mm² and 6.0N/mm² at 28days of curing. 

Abstract: Salinity adversely reduces the overall productivity of plants. Out of 320 mha of land in India out 8.5 m ha is salt affected. Out of 15 agro climatic zones of India 8 are affected with salinity. Generally screening and cultivation of crops on the salt affected soil is the main approach. Slips of Citronella java were planted in pots containing loamy soil with control 5.0, 10, 15 and 20 d S/m concentration of salts of chloride, sulphate, and bicarbonate(6:3:1) of sodium and calcium(4:1) to see their salinity tolerance.Various concentrations of salt had a highly significant effect upon the survival percentage, plant height, number of branches, herb yield and dry matter yield. Number of leaves also varied significantly. However, leaf length and shoot moisture contents exhibited non-significant difference. The findings suggest that the test species are tolerant to moderate salinity and might be tried on saline soil to obtain some biomass. 

Abstract: This paper investigates the cost accounting systems and practices employed by mineral and metal industries in Rajasthan. It explores the regulatory environment, sectoral characteristics, and the unique features of cost management across public and private enterprises. Using legislative documents, industrial surveys, and sectoral reports, this research identifies the dominant costing frameworks, evaluates their effectiveness and shortcomings, and suggests avenues for enhancement. The findings reveal a gradual transition from rudimentary cost tracking to more systematic, standards-based practices, driven by policy changes, royalty regimes, and technological progress.

Abstract: The management of Panchayati Raj finances in Rajasthan has witnessed significant transitions in recent years, marked by evolving fiscal trends, persistent challenges, and emerging opportunities for future reform. While Rajasthan’s Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) have benefited from increased financial devolution—especially under the 15th Finance Commission, which expanded fiscal space and enhanced focus on local development priorities—the financial autonomy of these bodies remains limited. Challenges such as inadequate own source revenue generation, excessive dependence on state and central transfers, delays in fund release, and poor convergence of sectoral programs continue to constrain effective grassroots governance. Limited technical and administrative capacity further hampers financial management and resource mobilization. However, innovative interventions like technological platforms for streamlining local revenue and policy measures for fiscal federalism present new prospects. This paper reviews the prevailing financial trends in Rajasthan’s PRIs, critically examines the challenges faced, and discusses policy options and technological enhancements essential for building robust, self-reliant local finance systems that empower democratic decentralization and sustainable rural development?.

Abstract: Shekhawati, situated in northeastern Rajasthan, India, is a region renowned for its vibrant culture, artistic architecture, and rich tradition of folk medicine. Local healers, referred to as vaidyas, hakims, and bhopas, have preserved unique indigenous knowledge systems that utilize the local flora for the treatment of a wide spectrum of illnesses affecting people and livestock. The paper documents and analyzes Shekhawati’s ethnomedicinal practices during 2013, exploring the environmental context, healer training, methods of diagnosis, preparation and administration of remedies, and challenges faced in knowledge transmission. The blend of oral tradition, magico-religious rituals, and empirical plant-based therapies constitutes a living heritage, threatened by social modernization and environmental pressures. Field surveys and literature indicate urgent needs for systematic conservation and documentation, highlighting the region’s medicinal diversity and potential for the future of integrative healthcare.