Abstract: Well water contamination is a major public health problem in rural Nigeria. To explore the impact of wellhead protection on well water quality and to identify possible well water contaminants, water samples were collected from twenty (ten protected and ten unprotected) wells in ten rural communities of Enugu state, southeastern Nigeria. Ten physico-chemical and bacteriological water quality parameters including Total coliform count, Escherichia coli, pH, Temperature, Ec, Turbidity, Nitrate, Chloride TDS, and Sulphate were analyzed. The values returned from the analysis of protected and unprotected well water samples were compared with each order and with WHO (2011) benchmark for drinking water. Results obtained indicated that studied wells exhibits high variations in the physico-chemical and bacteriological properties of the water samples. However, bacterial contamination in well water samples was more serious in the unprotected wells; as the Escherichia coli was detected in all samples from the unprotected wells. Contamination by physical and chemical parameters is not a serious problem in the study area. The result of the study has shown that capping is a major factor influencing bacterial contamination levels in well water of the study area. The paper, therefore, recommends that the state government should ensure that all wells in the area are properly capped to keep contaminants away from the community wells on which the people depend for their water needs.

Abstract: This paper explores the critical role financial policies have played in fostering sustainable industrial development in Rajasthan. The State traditionally known for its agrarian and mineral-based economy, has sought to diversify its economic base by developing a robust industrial sector. The state's financial policies, implemented through targeted investment promotion schemes, infrastructure incentives, and support for micro, small, and medium enterprises, have driven industrial growth. This research analyzes the effectiveness of Rajasthan’s financial interventions, their alignment with sustainability principles, and the resulting challenges in balancing economic advancement with environmental and social equity. Using secondary data, policy analyses, and case studies, the paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of the evolution and impact of such policies, offering lessons for emerging economies aiming for sustainable industrialization.

Abstract: The Shekhawati region in Rajasthan is a reservoir of ethnomedicinal knowledge, with local communities utilizing an array of medicinal plants for healthcare long before the emergence of modern pharmacology. This paper explores the journey of Shekhawati’s folk medicine, examining its botanical diversity, traditional uses, and the process of scientific validation prior to 2016. Drawing on ethnobotanical surveys, phytochemical screenings, and pharmacological studies, the research maps the contributions of local healers and the integration of herbal remedies into scientific frameworks. The analysis identifies key medicinal species, validates therapeutic claims, discusses challenges, and recommends pathways for further research and sustainable innovation.